Canker is a general term used to describe a number of different diseases that cause unsightly wounds on the stems and branches of trees, usually as the result of fungal or bacterial infection. Cankers are rarely life-threatening, but can cause death of branches if the damaged tissue completely encircles a branch. Equally, deep cankers will weaken the stem or branch and can predispose the tree to damage by the wind. Some fungal cankers can be treated with fungicides.
This apple canker (Nectria galligena) threatens to encircle this apple sapling, and will likely be terminal.
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The canopy...
Sparse foliage/dieback from the tips
Stem and branches...
Cankers on branches or stem
Epicormic/shooting from the stem
Slime flux/resinous exudations from stem
The roots...
Fungal fruiting bodies on or around stem and roots
Visibly damaged roots
Particular species
Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
